Each record describes something a country built that the indicators do not capture. The source provides the published number; the mechanism is our interpretation.
Scores describe outcomes. These records describe how a country acted, what it needed and what happened. 863 of 863 records include a mechanism. They do not affect scores.
Moldova's National Agency for Research and Development (ANCD) financed 13 innovation voucher projects in 2025, in which small and medium firms buy research and development services from research organisations, after 28 applications to the 2025-2026 call yielded 10 funded projects and four funded projects were stopped when the firms declined to sign contracts.
The national research agency gives small firms a voucher that pays a public research organisation to do a defined R&D or testing job for them, with the firm co-financing a share.
Preconditions
A research funding agency able to contract firms as well as research institutes
Research organisations with services firms are willing to buy
Firms willing to sign a state contract and co-finance, which four 2025 winners were not
Limits: The agency reports on itself, on pages 28 and 29 of a 137-page PDF. The arithmetic in the report does not close on its face: 10 new projects plus 7 continuing ones is 17, and the report also says four projects were stopped when three firms refused to sign financing contracts, and states the total of 13 without showing the subtraction. The volume is very small: 1,073.0 thousand lei of state money and 153.4 thousand lei of firm co-financing in 2025, roughly 60,000 euros, and the same report counts five technology transfer projects approved in 2025 under a separate call, not added here. The 2024 report gives seven voucher projects funded in 2024, so the instrument is two years old and its scale is pilot-like even if national in reach. Counts are projects financed, not completed or commercialised. The started year is the first funded call read in the 2024 report, not a programme launch date.
๐ฒ๐ฉMoldovasince 2013dismantledbears on Public-private collaboration
Moldova's Public Property Agency concessioned the assets of Chisinau International Airport and its land to Avia Invest under contract 4/03 of 30 August 2013, with investment obligations of EUR 244 million over the life of the concession, and in 2020 notified the concessionaire that the contract was rescinded for failing to post the performance guarantee, while Avia Invest claimed EUR 900 million from the state at arbitration in Stockholm.
The state property agency handed the airport's assets and land to a private concessionaire for investment and operation in exchange for fees and investment obligations, then used the contract's performance-guarantee clause to terminate it once a new government contested the deal.
Preconditions
A concession law and a state property agency with authority to award and terminate concessions
A contract with enforceable performance-guarantee clauses, which is what made the rescission possible
Political continuity, which failed here: the concession did not survive a change of government
Where else it has been used: An airport is often a small state's first large concession; Moldova's shows how a concession awarded without broad political cover can be unwound by the next government and end in arbitration.
Limits: The source is one party to a dispute stating its case: the agency wrote the communique to answer press coverage, and the EUR 900 million is the concessionaire's claim as the agency reports it, not an award. The live page now returns 404 on app.gov.md and the record cites the Internet Archive copy. The EUR 244 million is a contractual obligation over the whole concession, not an amount invested; the communique gives no figure for what Avia Invest actually invested in 2013 to 2020, so the record shows the partnership's scale on paper and its end, not its delivery. The communique shows a rescission notice that the concessionaire contested, not the end of its operation: no official page opened shows when the airport returned to the state, and secondary sources (not used as evidence) date the final annulment to a Chisinau Court of Appeal ruling of November 2022. The state enterprise I.S. Aeroportul International Chisinau that appears in the agency's procurement notices held the conceded assets throughout the concession, so its presence does not by itself show a return of operations. The outcome of the arbitration is not covered. The concession was the country's flagship infrastructure PPP: the agency's own list of PPP contracts it signed (archived April 2021) showed a single other contract, for bus stations, signed on 19 December 2018, so Moldova's national PPP portfolio was thin before and after this rescission.
Moldova's National Employment Agency (ANOFM) enrolled 1,751 registered unemployed people, 1,223 of them women, in voucher-based vocational training courses between January and August 2026, and 952 unemployed people graduated from voucher courses in the same months, some of them enrolled in 2025.
The employment agency gives registered unemployed people a training voucher redeemable with an approved provider through an online platform, and reports enrolments and graduates monthly.
Preconditions
A register of approved vocational training providers in the regions
An online voucher platform linked to the unemployment register
A state budget line for active measures under the employment law
Limits: The agency reports on itself, in a monthly statistical PDF (rows 15 to 18); the figures are year-to-date for eight months, not a full year, and no December 2025 report was found at an open URL, so no full-year or prior-year comparison is made. The agency's 2025 activity report is a one-page scan with no text. Separately, 95 unemployed people enrolled in workplace training (art. 33) over the same months, not added. The scale is small: about 1,750 enrolments in eight months in a country of about 2.4 million, limited to the registered unemployed (6,010 at the start of August), so it says nothing about adults in work. The 2025 start is the date of the agency's launch event for its voucher platform for training the unemployed (17 April 2025, on the agency site); training of the unemployed under the employment law existed before vouchers, and that earlier delivery is not counted.
Moldova's Commission for Innovative Testing Spaces, established under Government Decision No. 66/2025 and run from the Ministry of Energy, completed its second round of evaluation in January 2026 and selected three projects for testing, from the consortium led by Wise Agile SRL, from Sandrologic Grup S.R.L. and from the Romanian company SC Bluenote Communications SA.
Parliament passed a sandbox law for energy in 2024, the Government set up an interministerial commission in 2025 to select projects, and each selected project then receives its own Government Decision naming the holder, the exemptions from electricity law and their duration of up to seven years.
Preconditions
A statute that lets the Government grant time-limited exemptions from primary energy legislation
Donor funding and technical help to build the mechanism, its portal and its commission
A Government willing to pass one decision per project, which makes each admission slow
Limits: Selection is not testing. A Ministry release of 3 February 2026 (https://energie.gov.md/en/node/46601) says the Ministry had only begun drafting the Government Decision that sets the exemptions for the Wise Agile project, and no later page on the Ministry site shows decisions adopted or tests started for any of the three. Only one project has its exemptions in force: the Government approved a vehicle-to-grid test by the NGO Green City Lab Moldova on 23 December 2025 for three years (https://energie.gov.md/en/node/46515), and the Ministry calls it 'purely experimental and educational'. That makes four projects selected in all, one of them by a non-profit, and none has completed, so the exit half of the construct cannot be counted. The count is of projects, and one project is a consortium of three firms. A Ministry release of 16 January 2026 (https://energie.gov.md/en/node/46554) says six applications were registered for the second round, three from Romanian companies. The Ministry reports on its own mechanism, which UNDP Moldova built with funding from Denmark, Luxembourg, South Korea and Sweden, and every figure comes from press releases: the sandbox site (sandbox.energie.gov.md) publishes no project register and shows no open call. Only the energy sector is covered. The National Bank of Moldova and the National Commission for Financial Markets run no financial sandbox, so this is Moldova's whole sandbox flow, not one regulator among several.
Moldova's State Hydrometeorological Service, with the emergency situations department, installed a Doppler radar by June 2014 and extended the lead time of severe weather warnings from 10 minutes to 1 hour at baseline to 3 to 6 hours by 2016, against an original target of 12 hours, under a project approved in August 2010 that closed in September 2016, two years late.
The environment ministry's weather service bought a Doppler radar and forecasting systems and wired its warnings into the emergency department's command centre, so warnings reach responders hours rather than minutes ahead.
Preconditions
A national weather service with staff to run a radar and models
A link from the forecaster to the civil protection command centre
Budget to maintain the radar once the loan ends
Limits: The figures are the World Bank's, from a completion report on its own credit, in the PDO indicator table near the front of the document; the achieved lead time is a range (3 to 6 hours) and the record's metric takes its upper bound. The 12-hour target was formally revised down, so 'achieved' is against the lowered target. No named severe weather event is shown in which the warnings were issued and acted on, so the record documents capacity built, not capacity used; it is filed on the same terms as other warning-infrastructure records in this corpus. The report notes repeated management changes at the hydromet service, which threaten sustainability, and gives no later figure for radar uptime.
๐ฒ๐ฉMoldovasince 2022still operatingbears on Institutional responsiveness
Moldova adopted the Law on the Energy Vulnerability Reduction Fund (Law No. 241 of 2022) in July 2022, in force from September 2022, and the fund paid on-bill energy compensation to 895,000 households, about 75 percent of all Moldovan households, in the 2022 to 2023 heating season.
Parliament created a dedicated fund by law within months of the price shock, and the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection put an online application linked to an algorithm that sorts households into vulnerability categories, then applied a reduced tariff directly on gas, heating and electricity bills.
Preconditions
Administrative data that an application system could check incomes and household composition against
A network of social assistants and librarians to register households without internet access
Utilities able to apply a reduced tariff per household on the bill
Donor finance to share the cost in the first season
Where else it has been used: The on-bill reduced tariff avoided a cash transfer system the country did not have at that scale. The first season showed the cost of a near-universal design, and the 2023 amendments moved it towards targeting.
Limits: The number sits in a nine-page PDF, on pages 5 and 7 (the law is on page 6). UNDP designed the scheme with the government, ran the call centre and the communication campaign, and ran a USD 16.7 million project funded by Switzerland and Sweden to support the fund, so the report is a partner reporting on a project it helped deliver, and it does not separate state budget money from donor money. The report gives no monthly rollout series, so the speed shown is the gap between the July 2022 law and the heating season that followed, not a measured time to first payment. 'Up to 895,000' and '895,000' both appear, which suggests a rounded ceiling rather than an audited count. Almost 80 percent of households were deemed very highly vulnerable in the first season, so the scheme worked as a near-universal price subsidy rather than a targeted one; Law No. 261/2023 and Government Decision No. 920/2023 added two vulnerability categories and anti-fraud measures for the next season, and this record carries no beneficiary count for any later season. The 43 percent reduction in energy poverty is UNDP's own impact assessment and is not used here.
Moldova's State Roads Administration upgraded 149.3 km of unpaved local roads to paved standard under a project approved in October 2015, after unit costs doubled from US$230,000 to about US$415,000 per km and contracts on 42.3 km were terminated, so a 2019 restructuring cut the target from 300 km to 150 km and the project closed in July 2023 instead of March 2021.
The road administration designed for a low-cost paving technique, failed to attract bidders able to build it, then redesigned for asphalt at twice the unit cost and halved the length.
Preconditions
A contractor market able to bid on the chosen technique
Bid and performance security terms small firms can meet
Maintenance budgets matched to the pavement type chosen
Limits: The figures are the World Bank's, from a completion report on its own credit, which rated it. The 300 to 150 km cut and the unit cost doubling are in para. 54 (printed page 26), the terminated contracts on 42.3 km in para. 39 (page 21), the 149.3 km in the results table (page 16) and the dates on the datasheet. The doubling followed a switch from a cheap surface treatment that local contractors could not build to conventional asphalt, so part of the cost rise bought a more durable road. These are local roads, a programme of many small contracts rather than one major build, and the US$102.5 million project is small against Moldova's national road spending.