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NCBNational
Capability
Benchmark

The registry

The registry keeps every indicator

69 indicators are listed here. 35 have data. Gaps and retired rows remain visible because they affect confidence and the collection agenda.

Every indicator is listed, including the missing ones

69 indicators: 26 gaps and 8 retired. Both lower confidence and shape the collection agenda. Click a heading to sort.

  • Cdirect capability measure Measures the thing itself.
  • Icapability input Measures something that supports the capability.
  • Odownstream outcome Measures a result that usually follows from the capability.
  • Pperception proxy Records what people or experts say, not what they did.

Anticipation

Anticipation indicators
Note
Government foresight capacityno datasetCindex 0-100higher is betternone0.20No comparable international dataset. OECD and UN work is descriptive, not scored. Envisioning would have to build this.
Long-horizon research shareno datasetI% of R&Dhigher is betterOECD MSTI0.30Published by OECD for members only. Missing for India, South Africa, Brazil in comparable form.
R&D expenditureI% of GDPhigher is betterWorld Bank0.50Money committed to looking ahead. An input: spending it does not prove the country reads the future well.
Researchers in R&DIper million peoplehigher is betterWorld Bank0.50Standing capacity to investigate. Correlates with income but survives size normalisation.
Scientific articlesOarticles per million peoplehigher is betterWorld Bank0.40Volume, not quality. Citation impact would be the better measure and is a declared gap.
Secure internet serversIper million peoplehigher is betterWorld Bank0.60Proxy for digital technology adoption. Spans four orders of magnitude, so it is logged before normalising.
Statistical performanceCindex 0-100higher is betterWorld Bank0.25A country that cannot see itself cannot anticipate. Closest available direct measure of national sensing capacity.

Agency

Agency indicators
Note
Adult digital skillsno datasetC% of adultshigher is betterITU0.40ITU collects this but coverage across these ten countries is broken and the task lists differ by year.
Credit to the private sectorI% of GDPhigher is betterWorld Bank0.55Access to finance at the system level. High values can also signal a credit bubble, so it is not monotonic in capability.
Financial account ownershipI% aged 15+higher is betterWorld Bank0.50Global Findex, published every three years. Precondition for almost any economic action.
Individuals using the internetI% of populationhigher is betterWorld Bank0.55Access to the basic tool of modern agency. Saturates near 95%, which compresses the top of the range.
New business densityCper 1,000 aged 15-64higher is betterWorld Bank0.35Directly observes intention turning into a registered entity. Undercounts informal activity, which matters for India and Brazil.
Perceived control over lifeno datasetPmean 1-10higher is betterWorld Values Survey0.20WVS wave 7 covers most of these countries but fieldwork years differ by up to six years, and Singapore is thin.
Procedures to start a businessCcountlower is betterWorld Bank0.15Counts bureaucratic steps rather than money, so it does not smuggle income back in. Frozen at 2019 with Doing Business.
Time to start a businessCdayslower is betterWorld Bank0.20Activation energy, measured directly. Series ends with Doing Business in 2019, so it is stale everywhere.

Coordination

Coordination indicators
Note
Border compliance time to exportChourslower is betterWorld Bank0.30Observable throughput of several agencies acting together. Frozen at 2019 with Doing Business.
Budget execution fidelityCpercentage points from approved budgetlower is betterWorld Bank0.15Observable alignment between an approved public plan and what government spent. The API covers 44 of 52 countries at 2024. Values above and below 100 both indicate deviation, so the transform measures absolute distance from the approved budget rather than rewarding overspending. See D55.
Civil society strengthno datasetCindex 0-1higher is betterV-Dem0.15V-Dem core civil society index is inspectable and would fill this. Not yet wired; it needs its own ingestion adapter.
Government effectivenessretiredPz-score -2.5 to 2.5higher is betterWorld Bank0.60Retired 2026-08-26. The WGI aggregate the opinions of experts and firms, and in this set the four WGI series correlate with each other between 0.93 and 0.98 while correlating with log GDP per capita at 0.91. That is one perception of national wealth counted in three dimensions. Cross-agency delivery records are the replacement and they are a declared gap. See D23 and A4.
Logistics performanceretiredPindex 1-5higher is betterWorld Bank0.50Retired 2026-08-26. The LPI is a survey of international freight forwarders, so it records how a country looks to global logistics firms. A small country with a small port scores low whatever its state can organise, which is artefact A9. Container throughput and border time are observable and stay. See D23.
Public-private collaborationno datasetCindex 0-100higher is betternone0.25No comparable dataset. PPP investment databases measure infrastructure finance, not collaboration capacity.
Regulatory qualityretiredPz-score -2.5 to 2.5higher is betterWorld Bank0.60Retired 2026-08-26. Same measurement as government effectiveness, filed under a different name, correlating with it above 0.93. See D23 and A4.
University-industry collaborationno datasetCindex 0-100higher is betterGlobal Innovation Index0.40GII carries it, but the underlying item is a WEF executive opinion survey whose microdata is not inspectable. Excluded on principle 4.

Trust

Trust indicators
Note
Control of corruptionretiredPz-score -2.5 to 2.5higher is betterWorld Bank0.55Retired 2026-08-26. A WGI perception composite. It measures reputation for corruption, which is not the same thing as corruption, and it tracks income closely. Prosecution and audit records are the observable replacement and are a declared gap. See D23 and A4.
Cooperation beyond the in-groupno datasetP% expressing trusthigher is betterWorld Values Survey0.15The distinction that makes this dimension worth measuring. Same licensing obstacle as generalised trust.
Court case clearance rateno datasetO% of incoming caseshigher is betterCEPEJ / OECD / national court statistics0.20Whether a court finishes what it starts, counted from case records rather than asked in a survey. D23 named it as the observable replacement for the two retired WGI composites and it has stayed unfilled since. CEPEJ publishes it for Council of Europe members and OECD for its own members, so no single publisher reaches this country set, and a harmonised series needs the project second source adapter. See D57.
Generalised interpersonal trustP% agreeinghigher is betterJoint EVS/WVS0.25Share answering that most people can be trusted in the official Joint EVS/WVS 2017-2022 results table, release 5.0.0. The adapter uses the publisher-weighted country results, emits only countries with one survey row, and holds countries with separate EVS and WVS samples until the respondent-level weights can be pooled reproducibly. See D57 and D64.
Intentional homicide rateretiredOper 100,000 peoplelower is betterWorld Bank0.35Added 2026-08-26 by D23 as the observable replacement for two retired WGI perception composites, and retired 2026-08-27 by D44 when the diagnostic built in D42 measured what it was doing. It raised this dimension's correlation with log GDP per capita by 0.288, from 0.096 to 0.385, the largest single wealth contribution anywhere in the model. It was added to fix wealth contamination and it was the wealth contamination. The dataset is sound and the objection is to what it measures here: homicide is driven heavily by organised crime, a society can be physically safe while trusting very little, and across this country set the variation it carries is mostly income. Behavioural trust measures remain a gap.
Rule of lawretiredPz-score -2.5 to 2.5higher is betterWorld Bank0.55Retired 2026-08-26. A WGI perception composite correlating with control of corruption above 0.95 and with log GDP per capita at 0.83. Court throughput and case clearance rates are the observable replacement and are a declared gap. See D23 and A4.
Time to enforce a contractCdayslower is betterWorld Bank0.20Confidence in contracts, measured as court throughput rather than opinion. Frozen at 2019.
Trust in public institutionsno datasetP% expressing confidencehigher is betterOECD Trust Survey / WVS0.20The OECD survey covers members only. Mixing it with WVS items for India and South Africa would break comparability.

Learning

Learning indicators
Note
Adult learning participationno datasetC% of adultshigher is betterEurostat / OECD PIAAC0.35The best available measure of continuous learning capacity, and it exists only for European and OECD members.
Firms offering formal trainingC% of firmshigher is betterWorld Bank0.20Enterprise Surveys reach middle-income countries and skip most high-income ones, so coverage here is deliberately uneven and the confidence score should show it.
Human Capital IndexCindex 0-1higher is betterWorld Bank0.50Uses learning-adjusted years of schooling, which is why it is preferred over raw attainment. Last full round is 2020.
Public education expenditureI% of GDPhigher is betterWorld Bank0.30Pure input. Included so the model can be tested for whether inputs add anything over the capability measures.
Research citation impactno datasetOratio to world averagehigher is betterOpenAlex0.30Computable from OpenAlex, which is open and inspectable. This is the highest-value gap to close next.
Tertiary enrolmentI% grosshigher is betterWorld Bank0.50Volume of formal education. Says nothing about what is learned, which is the trap the spec warns about.
Vocational share of secondaryI% of secondaryhigher is betterWorld Bank0.10Higher is not unambiguously better. It marks a route into skilled work that does not run through university.

Experimentation

Experimentation indicators
Note
Business share of R&Dno datasetI% of R&Dhigher is betterUNESCO UIS0.40UIS publishes this and it is a good candidate for the next ingestion adapter.
Early-stage entrepreneurial activityC% aged 18-64higher is betterGlobal Entrepreneurship Monitor0.15From the GEM Adult Population Survey, entered by hand because GEM has no open API. TEA counts every new business, so necessity self-employment scores the same as a funded startup, which is why Chile and Argentina sit above the United States here. Read it as how many people are trying, not as how much value the attempts create. GEM does not run every economy every year: Singapore last took part in 2014 and the recency term marks that value down hard.
Regulatory sandbox activityno datasetCcounthigher is betternone0.10Countable from primary sources but nobody maintains a comparable register. A realistic candidate for Envisioning to build.
Resident patent applicationsOper million peoplehigher is betterWorld Bank0.45Records completed experiments that reached the filing stage. Korea and the US file for strategic reasons unrelated to novelty.
Resident trademark applicationsOper million peoplehigher is betterWorld Bank0.30Cheaper and more frequent than patents, so it tracks the many-small-experiments idea better than patent counts do.
Tolerance of entrepreneurial failureP% not deterredhigher is betterGlobal Entrepreneurship Monitor0.10Stored as 100 minus the published GEM fear of failure rate, so the direction matches the rest of the registry. GEM measures that rate among adults who already see good opportunities, not among all adults, so the denominator differs from the label. Attitudinal: bankruptcy law and time to discharge would be the observable substitute and are still worth wiring beside it.
University spinoutsno datasetCper million peoplehigher is betternational TTO associations0.35Reported nationally with incompatible definitions of what counts as a spinout.
Venture capital investmentno datasetC% of GDPhigher is betterOECD / national VC associations0.60Still a gap after a direct check on 2026-08-26. The OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Financing scoreboard is the only inspectable aggregate and it carries venture capital for 6 of these 16 countries, in national currency rather than as a share of GDP, latest year 2022. Brazil, India, South Africa and Singapore are all absent, so wiring it would score the rich half of the set and lower coverage for the rest. Commercial databases cover the world and are not inspectable. Read A1 before treating this dimension as measured.

Adaptability

Adaptability indicators
Note
Disaster preparedness and recoveryno datasetCindex 0-100higher is betterINFORM / UNDRR0.30INFORM is largely a hazard-exposure index, so using it here would measure geography rather than capability.
Electricity transmission lossesO% of outputlower is betterWorld Bank0.40Hard evidence of infrastructure condition and of whether the operator can bill what it delivers.
Export diversificationno datasetCindex 0-1higher is betterUNCTAD0.30UNCTAD publishes the concentration index and it is computable. Another good candidate for the next adapter.
Fixed broadband subscriptionsIper 100 peoplehigher is betterWorld Bank0.60Infrastructure that lets a country change how it works. Penalises mobile-first countries such as India and South Africa.
Institutional responsivenessno datasetCindex 0-100higher is betternone0.15No dataset exists. Measurable in principle from legislative and regulatory timestamps, which no one has assembled comparably.
Labour force participationI% aged 15+higher is betterWorld Bank0.15How much of the population can be reallocated at all. Cultural participation norms confound it, especially for India.
Long-term unemployment shareno datasetO% of unemployedlower is betterILOSTAT0.20Closer to reallocation speed than the headline rate: it asks whether people who lose work find new work. ILOSTAT publishes it; the World Bank API does not carry it.
Unemployment rateO% of labour forcelower is betterWorld Bank0.25An outcome, and a blunt one. Low unemployment can mean a rigid labour market as easily as a fluid one.

Building

Building indicators
Note
Economic fitnessOindexhigher is betterWorld Bank0.45World Bank Economic Fitness, a diversity-and-ubiquity measure of the export basket built on the same idea as economic complexity. Method is published, inputs are UN Comtrade.
Electricity connection speedCscore 0-100higher is betterWorld Bank0.25Small-scale infrastructure delivery, measured end to end. The World Bank publishes only the rescaled score, not the raw days. Frozen at 2019.
Firm scale-up rateno datasetC% of firmshigher is betterOECD DynEmp0.40OECD business dynamics work covers members irregularly. Nothing comparable for India, Brazil or South Africa.
High-technology exportsO% of manufactured exportshigher is betterWorld Bank0.40Sophistication of what gets built. Assembly-heavy economies score high without owning the design.
Large project deliveryno datasetC% overrunlower is betternone0.20The single best measure of execution capability and there is no comparable international dataset. Assembling one is a defensible Envisioning project. Building mixes industrial output with state delivery capacity, and this indicator carries the delivery side: the other six indicators cannot see a national programme that was delivered. Documented deliveries are recorded in data/evidence and never scored, see D20.
Logistics infrastructure qualityretiredPindex 1-5higher is betterWorld Bank0.50Retired 2026-08-26. An LPI sub-index, so the same freight-forwarder survey as logistics performance and the same problem. Electricity connection speed stays as the observable infrastructure measure in this dimension. See D23.
Manufacturing value addedO% of GDPhigher is betterWorld Bank0.20Evidence that the country still makes physical things at scale. Penalises service-heavy high-capability economies such as the Netherlands.
Output per workerOconstant 2021 PPP $higher is betterWorld Bank0.90The most wealth-contaminated indicator in the registry. Kept deliberately so the GDP-sensitivity test has something to bite on.

Shared Purpose

Shared Purpose indicators
Note
Civic participationno datasetC% of adultshigher is betterWorld Values Survey0.10Behavioural rather than attitudinal, so it is the item worth prioritising if only one survey measure can be harmonised.
Income inequalityOGini 0-100lower is betterWorld Bank0.20Included as a structural constraint on seeing yourself in a common project, not as a value judgement. Contested and worth challenging.
Political polarisationno datasetPindex 0-4lower is betterV-Dem0.05V-Dem political polarisation is inspectable and would fill this. Pluralism is the target, so only hostile polarisation should count against a country.
Sense of national belongingno datasetP% expressing belonginghigher is betterWorld Values Survey0.05Culturally loaded. High national pride is not the same as capacity for collective action and must not be read as such.
Tax revenueO% of GDPhigher is betterWorld Bank0.30Revealed willingness to fund public goods, confounded by federal structure and by resource revenue. Treat with suspicion.
Voice and accountabilityretiredPz-score -2.5 to 2.5higher is betterWorld Bank0.35Retired 2026-08-26. Artefact A5: it measures the democratic channel while Shared Purpose asks whether people can see themselves in a common project. Singapore scored 20.9 while being one of the most effective collective actors in the set. Voter turnout, volunteering and civic participation are the observable replacements and all are declared gaps. See D23 and A5.
Volunteeringno datasetC% of adultshigher is betterGallup World Poll / CAF0.10CAF publishes country figures but the underlying Gallup microdata is proprietary, so it fails the inspectability rule.