South Korea

Strongest usable evidence: Adaptability, at 82.1. Trust needs more evidence: confidence is 0.07.

Raise, lowest first

No low-scoring dimension has usable evidence.

Measure before managing

Trust0.07no data
Coordination0.1890.6
Shared Purpose0.2461.0
Experimentation0.3972.2

These lists are the country's capability agenda, computed from the scores. Read the full agenda It names comparable evidence from other countries and the 27 gaps in the registry.

Why this country is included: Rapid development, technology adoption and execution capacity.

Download this country as CSV

<iframe src="https://ncb-envisioning.vercel.app/embed/country/KOR" title="South Korea capability radar" loading="lazy" width="100%" height="520" style="border:0" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin"></iframe>

Anticipation80.6Confidence0.64usableHow capable is the country of identifying and preparing for emerging change?

South KoreaCompare with

Usable or good evidence
Thin evidence, hollow point. The dashes open further as confidence falls.
The point still sits at the score, because confidence never moves it.
Click any axis to see every country on that dimension.

0 to 100 is a position inside the frame every country builds together. Zero is the weakest on a dimension and 100 is the strongest. A score of 10 puts a country near the floor of that frame. It does not mean 10 percent of a capability.

South Korea dimension summary

Coordination	Coordination How effectively can independent actors organize around shared objectives? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Coordination Score 90.6 Confidence 0.18 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.18	0.25	0.75	no trend
Adaptability	Adaptability How effectively can the system respond when circumstances change? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Adaptability Score 82.1 Confidence 0.47 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.47	0.50	1.00	+7.8(4)
Anticipation	Anticipation How capable is the country of identifying and preparing for emerging change? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Anticipation Score 80.6 Confidence 0.64 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.64	0.71	0.95	+21.4(5)
Agency	Agency How able are individuals and organizations to turn an intention into action? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Agency Score 78.9 Confidence 0.60 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.60	0.75	0.85	+6.8(4)
Experimentation	Experimentation How easily can new approaches be attempted, tested, abandoned, and improved? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Experimentation Score 72.2 Confidence 0.39 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.39	0.50	0.88	+16.9(2)
Trust	Trust How much cooperation is possible beyond immediate personal networks? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Trust Score 67.4 Confidence 0.16 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.16	0.25	0.71	no trend
Building	Building How capable is the country of turning plans and knowledge into functioning systems? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Building Score 63.1 Confidence 0.54 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.54	0.63	0.92	+3.1(4)
Shared Purpose	Shared Purpose To what extent can people imagine themselves as participants in a common project? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Shared Purpose Score 61.0 Confidence 0.24 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.24	0.29	0.88	+4.0(2)
Learning	Learning How effectively does the country acquire, distribute, and update knowledge? Scores use one 0 to 100 scale for all countries. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. Hollow dots have thin evidence. The band beside each score shows its evidence level. The last column shows the trend and the number of indicators behind it. Loading… This score can be challenged Give the benchmark a specific reason to reconsider this number. Country South Korea (KOR) Dimension Learning Score 55.9 Confidence 0.54 Your argumentSource URL (optional) Submissions are public and start as awaiting review. A maintainer can add a response and signature after review.	0.54	0.71	0.80	+16.5(2)

How to read this page

Each dimension has a score from 0 to 100. It shows where this country sits among all 52 countries in the comparison frame, not a percentage. Confidence sits beside the score. A dashed radar edge and hollow point mean the evidence is thin. The tables below show each indicator, its raw value, year and source.

A panel estimate, when present, is a separate judgment about what the indicators miss. It does not change the score or confidence. The panel's provenance is shown beside the estimate.

Cdirect capability measure Measures the thing itself.
Icapability input Measures something that supports the capability.
Odownstream outcome Measures a result that usually follows from the capability.
Pperception proxy Records what people or experts say, not what they did.

A row marked no dataset exists is a gap: the benchmark wants data that nobody publishes. A retired row has a source this project chose not to use. Both reduce confidence. The glossary, and the places where these numbers are known to be wrong about the world are on the limits page.

Anticipation

How capable is the country of identifying and preparing for emerging change?

+21.4 over 10 years, from 59.2 in 2016 to 80.6 on 5 indicators seen in both years.

+39.2 over 20 years, from 38.5 in 2006 to 77.7 on 3 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
IMeasures something that supports the capability. R&D expenditure Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	4.944	% of GDP	2023	IMeasures something that supports the capability. R&D expenditure Gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Researchers in R&D Full-time-equivalent researchers per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	9471.825	per million people	2023	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Researchers in R&D Full-time-equivalent researchers per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Scientific articles Scientific and technical journal articles published, per million people. Measured in articles per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IP.JRN.ARTC.SC), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	71724.33	articles per million people	2023	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Scientific articles Scientific and technical journal articles published, per million people. Measured in articles per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IP.JRN.ARTC.SC), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IP.JRN.ARTC.SC)	observed
CMeasures the thing itself. Statistical performance World Bank Statistical Performance Indicators overall score for the national statistical system. Measured in index 0-100; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IQ.SPI.OVRL), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	91.568	index 0-100	2024	CMeasures the thing itself. Statistical performance World Bank Statistical Performance Indicators overall score for the national statistical system. Measured in index 0-100; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IQ.SPI.OVRL), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IQ.SPI.OVRL)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Secure internet servers Servers using encryption in internet transactions, per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IT.NET.SECR.P6), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	11902.383	per million people	2024	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Secure internet servers Servers using encryption in internet transactions, per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IT.NET.SECR.P6), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IT.NET.SECR.P6)	observed
Government foresight capacity	C	no data	index 0-100		no data	none	no dataset exists	-
Long-horizon research share	I	no data	% of R&D		no data	OECD MSTI	no dataset exists	-

Agency

How able are individuals and organizations to turn an intention into action?

+6.8 over 10 years, from 65.6 in 2016 to 72.4 on 4 indicators seen in both years.

+18.3 over 20 years, from 46.1 in 2006 to 64.4 on 3 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
CMeasures the thing itself. New business density New limited liability companies registered per 1,000 working-age people. Measured in per 1,000 aged 15-64; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IC.BUS.NDNS.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	3.514	per 1,000 aged 15-64	2023	CMeasures the thing itself. New business density New limited liability companies registered per 1,000 working-age people. Measured in per 1,000 aged 15-64; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IC.BUS.NDNS.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IC.BUS.NDNS.ZS)	observed
CMeasures the thing itself. Time to start a business Calendar days to complete company registration procedures. Measured in days; lower is better. Source: World Bank (IC.REG.DURS.MA.DY), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	8	days	2019	CMeasures the thing itself. Time to start a business Calendar days to complete company registration procedures. Measured in days; lower is better. Source: World Bank (IC.REG.DURS.MA.DY), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IC.REG.DURS.MA.DY)	observed
CMeasures the thing itself. Procedures to start a business Number of separate official procedures to register a company. Measured in count; lower is better. Source: World Bank (IC.REG.PROC.MA.NO), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	3	count	2019	CMeasures the thing itself. Procedures to start a business Number of separate official procedures to register a company. Measured in count; lower is better. Source: World Bank (IC.REG.PROC.MA.NO), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IC.REG.PROC.MA.NO)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Individuals using the internet Share of the population that used the internet in the last three months. Measured in % of population; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IT.NET.USER.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	97.896	% of population	2024	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Individuals using the internet Share of the population that used the internet in the last three months. Measured in % of population; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IT.NET.USER.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IT.NET.USER.ZS)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Financial account ownership Adults with an account at a bank or mobile money provider. Measured in % aged 15+; higher is better. Source: World Bank (FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	96.895	% aged 15+	2024	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Financial account ownership Adults with an account at a bank or mobile money provider. Measured in % aged 15+; higher is better. Source: World Bank (FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (FX.OWN.TOTL.ZS)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Credit to the private sector Domestic credit provided to the private sector by financial corporations. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	160.347	% of GDP	2024	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Credit to the private sector Domestic credit provided to the private sector by financial corporations. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (FS.AST.PRVT.GD.ZS)	observed
Adult digital skills	C	no data	% of adults		no data	ITU	no dataset exists	-
Perceived control over life	P	no data	mean 1-10		no data	World Values Survey	no dataset exists	-

Coordination

How effectively can independent actors organize around shared objectives?

No trend is shown because too few indicators have values at both ends. The rows below still show the available history.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
Government effectiveness	P	no data	z-score -2.5 to 2.5		no data	World Bank (GOV_WGI_GE.EST)	retired, see notes	-
Regulatory quality	P	no data	z-score -2.5 to 2.5		no data	World Bank (GOV_WGI_RQ.EST)	retired, see notes	-
Logistics performance	P	no data	index 1-5		no data	World Bank (LP.LPI.OVRL.XQ)	retired, see notes	-
CMeasures the thing itself. Border compliance time to export Hours to complete customs and border compliance for a standard export shipment. Measured in hours; lower is better. Source: World Bank (TRD.ACRS.BRDR.EXPT.BRDR.COMP.HR.DB1619), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	13.375	hours	2019	CMeasures the thing itself. Border compliance time to export Hours to complete customs and border compliance for a standard export shipment. Measured in hours; lower is better. Source: World Bank (TRD.ACRS.BRDR.EXPT.BRDR.COMP.HR.DB1619), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (TRD.ACRS.BRDR.EXPT.BRDR.COMP.HR.DB1619)	observed
CMeasures the thing itself. Budget execution fidelity Distance between primary government expenditure and the original approved budget. Measured in percentage points from approved budget; lower is better. Source: World Bank (GF.XPD.BUDG.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	95.616	percentage points from approved budget	2023	CMeasures the thing itself. Budget execution fidelity Distance between primary government expenditure and the original approved budget. Measured in percentage points from approved budget; lower is better. Source: World Bank (GF.XPD.BUDG.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (GF.XPD.BUDG.ZS)	observed	-
University-industry collaboration	C	no data	index 0-100		no data	Global Innovation Index	no dataset exists	-
Civil society strength	C	no data	index 0-1		no data	V-Dem	no dataset exists	-
Public-private collaboration	C	no data	index 0-100		no data	none	no dataset exists	-

Trust

How much cooperation is possible beyond immediate personal networks?

No trend is shown because too few indicators have values at both ends. The rows below still show the available history.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
Rule of law	P	no data	z-score -2.5 to 2.5		no data	World Bank (GOV_WGI_RL.EST)	retired, see notes	-
Control of corruption	P	no data	z-score -2.5 to 2.5		no data	World Bank (GOV_WGI_CC.EST)	retired, see notes	-
CMeasures the thing itself. Time to enforce a contract Calendar days from filing a commercial claim to payment. Measured in days; lower is better. Source: World Bank (ENF.CONT.DURS.DY), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	290	days	2019	CMeasures the thing itself. Time to enforce a contract Calendar days from filing a commercial claim to payment. Measured in days; lower is better. Source: World Bank (ENF.CONT.DURS.DY), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (ENF.CONT.DURS.DY)	observed
Intentional homicide rate	O	no data	per 100,000 people		no data	World Bank (VC.IHR.PSRC.P5)	retired, see notes	-
PRecords what people or experts say, not what they did. Generalised interpersonal trust Share agreeing that most people can be trusted. Measured in % agreeing; higher is better. Source: Joint EVS/WVS (A165), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	P	32.9	% agreeing	2022	PRecords what people or experts say, not what they did. Generalised interpersonal trust Share agreeing that most people can be trusted. Measured in % agreeing; higher is better. Source: Joint EVS/WVS (A165), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	Joint EVS/WVS (A165)	observed	-
Trust in public institutions	P	no data	% expressing confidence		no data	OECD Trust Survey / WVS	no dataset exists	-
Cooperation beyond the in-group	P	no data	% expressing trust		no data	World Values Survey	no dataset exists	-
Court case clearance rate	O	no data	% of incoming cases		no data	CEPEJ / OECD / national court statistics	no dataset exists	-

Behavioral check, not scored

Each number below is published beside the score and stays out of it. It is not in the frame, the average, the indicator count or the confidence.

Bribery incidenceWorld Bank (IC.FRM.BRIB.ZS), 2024
0.018 % of firms, lower is better. Firms asked for at least one bribe payment across six public transactions covering utilities, permits, licences and taxes.
Experience rather than reputation: the question asks whether the responding firm was itself asked, so it is not the perception composite D23 retired. It covers 49 of 52 countries and 44 of them at 2023 or later. It is not scored because it carries income. On a rank-normalised estimate it correlates with log GDP per capita at about 0.66 alone and takes the two-indicator Trust dimension to about 0.53, against 0.14 for contract enforcement days by itself, which is a larger wealth contribution than the one D44 retired an indicator over. Read it beside the score, not as the score.

Learning

How effectively does the country acquire, distribute, and update knowledge?

+16.5 over 10 years, from 64.8 in 2016 to 81.3 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

-9.7 over 20 years, from 68.4 in 2006 to 58.7 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
CMeasures the thing itself. Human Capital Index Expected productivity of a child born today relative to full health and complete education. Measured in index 0-1; higher is better. Source: World Bank (HD.HCI.OVRL), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	0.799	index 0-1	2020	CMeasures the thing itself. Human Capital Index Expected productivity of a child born today relative to full health and complete education. Measured in index 0-1; higher is better. Source: World Bank (HD.HCI.OVRL), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (HD.HCI.OVRL)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Tertiary enrolment Gross enrolment ratio in tertiary education. Measured in % gross; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SE.TER.ENRR), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	111.853	% gross	2024	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Tertiary enrolment Gross enrolment ratio in tertiary education. Measured in % gross; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SE.TER.ENRR), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SE.TER.ENRR)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Public education expenditure Government expenditure on education as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	5.409	% of GDP	2022	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Public education expenditure Government expenditure on education as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS)	observed
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Vocational share of secondary Vocational pupils as a share of total secondary enrolment. Measured in % of secondary; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SE.SEC.ENRL.VO.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	9.365	% of secondary	2018	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Vocational share of secondary Vocational pupils as a share of total secondary enrolment. Measured in % of secondary; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SE.SEC.ENRL.VO.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SE.SEC.ENRL.VO.ZS)	observed
CMeasures the thing itself. Firms offering formal training Share of firms that provide formal training to permanent employees. Measured in % of firms; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IC.FRM.TRNG.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	16.168	% of firms	2024	CMeasures the thing itself. Firms offering formal training Share of firms that provide formal training to permanent employees. Measured in % of firms; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IC.FRM.TRNG.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IC.FRM.TRNG.ZS)	observed
Adult learning participation	C	no data	% of adults		no data	Eurostat / OECD PIAAC	no dataset exists	-
Research citation impact	O	no data	ratio to world average		no data	OpenAlex	no dataset exists	-

Experimentation

How easily can new approaches be attempted, tested, abandoned, and improved?

+16.9 over 10 years, from 77.4 in 2016 to 94.3 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

+22.8 over 20 years, from 71.5 in 2006 to 94.3 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Resident patent applications Patent applications filed by residents, per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IP.PAT.RESD), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	186245	per million people	2021	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Resident patent applications Patent applications filed by residents, per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IP.PAT.RESD), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IP.PAT.RESD)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Resident trademark applications Direct trademark applications by residents, per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IP.TMK.RSCT), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	299622	per million people	2021	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Resident trademark applications Direct trademark applications by residents, per million people. Measured in per million people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IP.TMK.RSCT), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IP.TMK.RSCT)	observed
Venture capital investment	C	no data	% of GDP		no data	OECD / national VC associations	no dataset exists	-
CMeasures the thing itself. Early-stage entrepreneurial activity Adults starting or running a business less than 42 months old. Measured in % aged 18-64; higher is better. Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS key indicators, TEA rate), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	9.1	% aged 18-64	2025	CMeasures the thing itself. Early-stage entrepreneurial activity Adults starting or running a business less than 42 months old. Measured in % aged 18-64; higher is better. Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS key indicators, TEA rate), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS key indicators, TEA rate)	observed	-
PRecords what people or experts say, not what they did. Tolerance of entrepreneurial failure Share of adults who see good opportunities and say fear of failure would not stop them starting a business. Measured in % not deterred; higher is better. Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS key indicators, fear of failure rate), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	P	73	% not deterred	2025	PRecords what people or experts say, not what they did. Tolerance of entrepreneurial failure Share of adults who see good opportunities and say fear of failure would not stop them starting a business. Measured in % not deterred; higher is better. Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS key indicators, fear of failure rate), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS key indicators, fear of failure rate)	observed	-
Regulatory sandbox activity	C	no data	count		no data	none	no dataset exists	-
University spinouts	C	no data	per million people		no data	national TTO associations	no dataset exists	-
Business share of R&D	I	no data	% of R&D		no data	UNESCO UIS	no dataset exists	-

Adaptability

How effectively can the system respond when circumstances change?

+7.8 over 10 years, from 74.3 in 2016 to 82.1 on 4 indicators seen in both years.

+15.6 over 20 years, from 66.5 in 2006 to 82.1 on 4 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Labour force participation Share of the working-age population in the labour force. Measured in % aged 15+; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SL.TLF.ACTI.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	71.162	% aged 15+	2025	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Labour force participation Share of the working-age population in the labour force. Measured in % aged 15+; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SL.TLF.ACTI.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SL.TLF.ACTI.ZS)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Unemployment rate Unemployed as a share of the labour force, modelled ILO estimate. Measured in % of labour force; lower is better. Source: World Bank (SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	2.683	% of labour force	2025	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Unemployment rate Unemployed as a share of the labour force, modelled ILO estimate. Measured in % of labour force; lower is better. Source: World Bank (SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS)	observed
Long-term unemployment share	O	no data	% of unemployed		no data	ILOSTAT	no dataset exists	-
IMeasures something that supports the capability. Fixed broadband subscriptions Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people. Measured in per 100 people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IT.NET.BBND.P2), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	I	47.801	per 100 people	2024	IMeasures something that supports the capability. Fixed broadband subscriptions Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 people. Measured in per 100 people; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IT.NET.BBND.P2), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IT.NET.BBND.P2)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Electricity transmission losses Power lost in transmission and distribution, including unbilled use. Measured in % of output; lower is better. Source: World Bank (EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	3.287	% of output	2024	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Electricity transmission losses Power lost in transmission and distribution, including unbilled use. Measured in % of output; lower is better. Source: World Bank (EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS)	observed
Export diversification	C	no data	index 0-1		no data	UNCTAD	no dataset exists	-
Disaster preparedness and recovery	C	no data	index 0-100		no data	INFORM / UNDRR	no dataset exists	-
Institutional responsiveness	C	no data	index 0-100		no data	none	no dataset exists	-

Building

How capable is the country of turning plans and knowledge into functioning systems?

+3.1 over 10 years, from 50.7 in 2016 to 53.8 on 4 indicators seen in both years.

+8.0 over 20 years, from 50.6 in 2006 to 58.6 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Manufacturing value added Manufacturing value added as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (NV.IND.MANF.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	27.426	% of GDP	2025	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Manufacturing value added Manufacturing value added as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (NV.IND.MANF.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (NV.IND.MANF.ZS)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. High-technology exports High-technology exports as a share of manufactured exports. Measured in % of manufactured exports; higher is better. Source: World Bank (TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	36.258	% of manufactured exports	2024	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. High-technology exports High-technology exports as a share of manufactured exports. Measured in % of manufactured exports; higher is better. Source: World Bank (TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (TX.VAL.TECH.MF.ZS)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Output per worker GDP per person employed, constant purchasing power parity. Measured in constant 2021 PPP $; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SL.GDP.PCAP.EM.KD), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	99045.999	constant 2021 PPP $	2025	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Output per worker GDP per person employed, constant purchasing power parity. Measured in constant 2021 PPP $; higher is better. Source: World Bank (SL.GDP.PCAP.EM.KD), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SL.GDP.PCAP.EM.KD)	observed
Logistics infrastructure quality	P	no data	index 1-5		no data	World Bank (LP.LPI.INFR.XQ)	retired, see notes	-
CMeasures the thing itself. Electricity connection speed Doing Business score for the days a business waits for a permanent electricity connection. Measured in score 0-100; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IC.ELC.TIME.DFRN), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	C	100	score 0-100	2019	CMeasures the thing itself. Electricity connection speed Doing Business score for the days a business waits for a permanent electricity connection. Measured in score 0-100; higher is better. Source: World Bank (IC.ELC.TIME.DFRN), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (IC.ELC.TIME.DFRN)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Economic fitness Diversity and ubiquity-adjusted sophistication of the export basket. Measured in index; higher is better. Source: World Bank (EF.EFM.UNIV.XD), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	3.669	index	2024	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Economic fitness Diversity and ubiquity-adjusted sophistication of the export basket. Measured in index; higher is better. Source: World Bank (EF.EFM.UNIV.XD), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (EF.EFM.UNIV.XD)	observed
Large project delivery	C	no data	% overrun		no data	none	no dataset exists	-
Firm scale-up rate	C	no data	% of firms		no data	OECD DynEmp	no dataset exists	-

Shared Purpose

To what extent can people imagine themselves as participants in a common project?

+4.0 over 10 years, from 57.0 in 2016 to 61.0 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

-1.9 over 20 years, from 62.9 in 2006 to 61.0 on 2 indicators seen in both years.

Trends use fewer indicators than the current score and use today's frame. A longer span reaches further back.

Indicator	Class	Raw	Unit	Year	Normalized	Source	Status	History
Voice and accountability	P	no data	z-score -2.5 to 2.5		no data	World Bank (GOV_WGI_VA.EST)	retired, see notes	-
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Tax revenue Central government tax revenue as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	13.294	% of GDP	2024	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Tax revenue Central government tax revenue as a share of GDP. Measured in % of GDP; higher is better. Source: World Bank (GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (GC.TAX.TOTL.GD.ZS)	observed
OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Income inequality Gini index of disposable income. Measured in Gini 0-100; lower is better. Source: World Bank (SI.POV.GINI), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	O	32.9	Gini 0-100	2021	OMeasures a result that usually follows from the capability. Income inequality Gini index of disposable income. Measured in Gini 0-100; lower is better. Source: World Bank (SI.POV.GINI), also in the indicator registry. Each dot is a country. The box covers the middle half of the field, and the line is the median. The bar shows the normalized position from 0 to 100, with higher always meaning better. Loading…	World Bank (SI.POV.GINI)	observed
Sense of national belonging	P	no data	% expressing belonging		no data	World Values Survey	no dataset exists	-
Volunteering	C	no data	% of adults		no data	Gallup World Poll / CAF	no dataset exists	-
Political polarisation	P	no data	index 0-4		no data	V-Dem	no dataset exists	-
Civic participation	C	no data	% of adults		no data	World Values Survey	no dataset exists	-

🇰🇷South Korea

South Korea