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Documented examples

Each record describes something a country built that the indicators do not capture. The source provides the published number; the mechanism is our interpretation.

Scores describe outcomes. These records describe how a country acted, what it needed and what happened. 863 of 863 records include a mechanism. They do not affect scores.

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6 of 863 deliveries

Coordination

1 delivery linked to Public-private collaboration.

Jamaicasince 2003still operatingbears on Public-private collaboration

Sangster International Airport concession

The Government of Jamaica granted MBJ Airports Limited a 30-year build-operate-transfer concession for Sangster International Airport, financed from April 2003 for a US$135 million expansion sized for about 5 million passengers a year, and the airport, which served more than 3 million passengers in 2001, handled 5,105,420 passenger movements in 2024 and 4,495,210 in 2025 after Hurricane Melissa.

5,105,420 passenger movements, passenger movements at sangster international airport, 2024. 4,495,210 passenger movements, passenger movements at sangster international airport, year of hurricane melissa, 2025. Jamaica Civil Aviation Authority, Statistical Report October to December 2025, passenger movements at NMIA and SIA, retrieved 2026-10-17.

The move, and what it needed

The Government of Jamaica kept ownership of its main tourist airport and let a private consortium finance, expand and run it for 30 years, paid for partly by a passenger fee, so terminal capacity followed tourism growth without public borrowing.

Preconditions

  • Steady tourism demand that makes a passenger fee bankable
  • A development lender willing to finance the first phase
  • A state able to write and supervise a long concession contract

Where else it has been used: Jamaica reused the model for Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston, under a 25-year concession signed in October 2018.

Limits: Passenger movements count arrivals, departures and transit passengers, so one traveller counts at least twice, and the figures sit in a table inside a PDF. Traffic measures tourism demand as much as the concession: the source cannot show what state operation would have carried. The concession terms, the US$135 million cost, the 5 million passenger design target and the 2001 baseline of more than 3 million passengers come from a different source, the IFC project disclosure for project 11353 (https://disclosures.ifc.org/project-detail/SPI/11353/sangster-international-airport-montego-bay), which records the financing plan as approved in 2002, not the final cost; JCAA publishes no open passenger series for the years between, so growth over the concession rests on two points from two publishers. The 2025 fall of 12 percent follows Hurricane Melissa in October 2025, which JCAA names as the cause of a 35 percent drop in fourth-quarter movements at the two airports; it is a storm effect, not a loss of the partnership. One airport is a single asset, although it carries most of Jamaica's international air passengers, and the concessionaire is a consortium of foreign airport and construction firms.

Learning

1 delivery linked to Adult learning participation.

Jamaicasince 1982still operatingbears on Adult learning participation

HEART/NSTA Trust training enrolment

Jamaica's HEART/NSTA Trust, the national training agency financed by a 3 percent payroll levy, enrolled 116,918 people in its own technical and vocational, work-based and second-chance programmes in the 2022-23 financial year, including 13,918 in the High School Diploma Equivalency programme, and 129,957 when Ministry of Education and private providers are counted.

116,918 enrolments, heart total enrolment, own programmes and interventions (excludes moey cap schools and private providers), 2022-23 (financial year April 2022 to March 2023). 13,918 persons, enrolled in the high school diploma equivalency (hsde) programme at end of financial year, March 2023. HEART/NSTA Trust, Annual Report 2022-2023, performance summary, table 'HEART/NSTA enrolment by programmes/interventions' (page 39), retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

A statutory trust collects a payroll levy from employers and spends it on free institutional, community and workplace training and on a second-chance secondary diploma, setting enrolment targets every year.

Preconditions

  • A payroll levy collected by the tax authority and ring-fenced for training
  • A network of training institutions and community sites across the island
  • A national qualifications framework (NVQ-J) so short courses lead to recognised certificates

Limits: The agency reports on itself in a 132-page PDF; the table is on page 39 and the HSDE figure on a later programme page. Counts are enrolments in programmes and interventions, not unique adults, and one person can enrol twice in a year. The total includes the HOPE National Service Corps and the School Leavers' Training Opportunities Programme, which serve school leavers and young people, and the agency gives no age breakdown, so the share of adults beyond initial education is unknown. The headline 129,957 also counts 11,104 enrolments in Ministry of Education CAP and other schools, a secondary-school programme, which is why the record uses the 116,918 HEART total instead. Enrolment is not completion: the same report gives 51,541 NVQ-J certificates for the year. The figure is one year against planned targets, not a series, so the record says nothing about trend. The 1982 start is the year the original HEART Act created the Trust as commonly reported; the report itself cites the HEART Act 2021 under which the merged HEART/NSTA Trust now operates.

Experimentation

1 delivery linked to Firms through regulatory sandboxes.

Jamaicasince 2020still operatingbears on Firms through regulatory sandboxes

Bank of Jamaica FinTech Regulatory Sandbox

The Bank of Jamaica's FinTech Regulatory Sandbox, effective from March 2020, had received 50 applications and approved 29 of them for testing by the end of 2025, including four new applications from three entities in 2025.

29 applications, sandbox applications approved for testing since march 2020, cumulative, 2025-12-31. 50 applications, sandbox applications received since march 2020, cumulative, 2025-12-31. Bank of Jamaica, Annual Report 2025, 'Fintech Regulatory Sandbox Development and CBDC (JAM-DEX)', retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The central bank opened a sandbox for deposit-takers, cambios, remittance providers, credit unions and locally incorporated fintechs partnered with a bank, admitting products to a controlled live test before authorisation.

Preconditions

  • Guidelines and an application and fit-and-proper process run by the payments oversight function
  • Licensed deposit-takers willing to partner with fintechs
  • Fintech and payment firms with wallet and card products ready to test

Limits: The central bank reports on its own sandbox. The figures are in a 33 MB PDF served at that address, on PDF page 92 (printed page 66). They count applications, not firms: one entity can file several, as the three entities filing four applications in 2025 show, and 29 is approvals since 2020, not the number testing at year end or the number that completed and launched. The report gives 46 applications at end-2024, so only four arrived in 2025, but it gives no yearly approval figures. The approvals are described as mobile wallets, debit cards and prepaid card offerings; the same section of the report covers the bank's JAM-DEX digital currency roll-out, but it does not say whether any sandbox approval relates to it. The Financial Services Commission's activity is not included.

Adaptability

2 deliveries linked to Institutional responsiveness, Disaster preparedness and recovery.

Jamaicasince 2020delivered and closedbears on Institutional responsiveness

COVID-19 Allocation of Resources for Employees (CARE) programme

From March 2020 the Government of Jamaica built the CARE programme on its PATH cash transfer and tax registration systems, paying cash transfers to 458,295 beneficiaries (183,326 men and 274,969 women) for job and income losses and a COVID-19 PATH grant to about 266,100 PATH beneficiaries within the first year of the pandemic.

458,295 beneficiaries, beneficiaries receiving care cash transfers (sum of the published male and female counts), 2022-05. 266,100 beneficiaries, path beneficiaries receiving the care covid-19 path grant (125,700 male, 140,400 female), 2022-05. World Bank, Implementation Completion and Results Report, Jamaica COVID-19 Response and Recovery Development Policy Financing (P174531), retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The Ministry of Finance created a family of temporary grants (SET Cash for those who lost jobs, general grants for registered self-employed workers, compassionate grants for others) and paid them by matching applications against tax registration numbers, while the Ministry of Labour and Social Security paid an extra PATH grant through the existing conditional cash transfer.

Preconditions

  • A tax registration number held by most adults, which let the government verify applicants it had no benefit record for
  • An existing conditional cash transfer (PATH) with a beneficiary roll and payment channel
  • Fiscal buffers built during the 2013 to 2019 consolidation, which paid for the response before external finance arrived

Limits: Both totals are published in the ICR's results framework (Annex 1, page 23: 458,295 and 266,100) and equal the sums of the male and female counts in Table 3 (page 18); the text on page 12 says 'more than 450,000 beneficiaries', 6.6 percent above target. The CARE measures were prior actions of a World Bank development policy loan approved in 2021, so the lender wrote the targets and rates its own operation (Moderately Satisfactory overall). The construct is speed, and the ICR gives no elapsed time from shock to first payment: it dates the measures to Cabinet decisions from March 2020 and says the PATH grant reached households 'within the first year of the pandemic', with beneficiaries determined in mid-2020. Eligibility for SET Cash covered job losses from 10 March 2020, so the rule was written to the shock, but the record cannot say whether money arrived in weeks or months. The ICR notes the government did not collect data on all indicators (for example, tourism jobs retained under BEST Cash). Beneficiary counts are not household counts and may overlap across grants.

Jamaicasince 2021still operatingbears on Disaster preparedness and recovery

Catastrophe bond payout after Hurricane Melissa

Jamaica's government received confirmation in November 2025 of a full US$150 million payout under the catastrophe insurance it had bought from the World Bank, backed by a catastrophe bond issued in 2024 and renewing cover first placed in 2021, after Hurricane Melissa met the bond's parametric triggers in October 2025.

150 million US dollars, catastrophe bond payout to the government of jamaica, 2025-11-07. 12,200 million US dollars, total damage and losses from hurricane melissa (pioj estimate), 2026-03-03. World Bank, press release 'Hurricane Melissa Triggers 100% Payout of $150 Million World Bank Catastrophe Bond for Jamaica', 7 November 2025, retrieved 2026-10-02.

The move, and what it needed

The finance ministry bought parametric hurricane cover through the World Bank's bond programme, renewed it when it expired, and received a full payout within days of a storm that met the pressure and track triggers.

Preconditions

  • A finance ministry with a written disaster risk financing strategy
  • Budget to pay premiums in years without a storm
  • An intermediary able to place the risk in capital markets

Limits: The payout figure is the World Bank's announcement that the triggers were met; it does not say when the money reached the Treasury. The damage estimate is the Planning Institute of Jamaica's, reported by the Jamaica Information Service on 3 March 2026 (https://jis.gov.jm/total-loss-and-damage-from-hurricane-melissa-estimated-at-1-952-trillion/), and the payout covered about 1.2 percent of it (our division), so the record shows a pre-arranged instrument paying in full, not adequate protection. The bond is issued by the World Bank and priced by capital markets; Jamaica's institutional move is buying and renewing the cover and building the layered risk-financing strategy around it. Other layers (CCRIF, contingency funds, contingent credit) are not quantified here. The press release is the lender's own statement, which praises the government's strategy.

Building

1 delivery linked to Large project delivery.

Jamaicasince 2019still operatingbears on Large project delivery

Southern Coastal Highway Improvement Project, Part B, over budget and late

Jamaica's Auditor General reported in June 2023 that the Part B civil works of the Southern Coastal Highway Improvement Project had grown from an original contract sum of US$195.4 million to a revised US$271.3 million, and that the project, due by October 2022, had a possible revised completion date of March 2024.

271,284,891 US dollars, revised part b civil works contract sum, including the requested us$70.89 million variation to complete the works, 2023-06. 195,449,419 US dollars, original part b civil works contract sum, 2019. Auditor General's Department, Jamaica, Performance Audit Report: National Works Agency, Managing the Main Road Network (June 2023), retrieved 2026-10-16.

The move, and what it needed

The government let the corridor to China Harbour Engineering under a China Exim Bank loan and left land acquisition and utility relocation with the National Works Agency. Work began three years after signing, Cabinet then added water and sewer pipelines to the same corridors, and slow handover of land and utility poles turned a 36-month programme into repeated extensions and a variation to finish the civil works.

Preconditions

  • Right of way and utility relocation settled before the order to commence
  • Utility owners brought into the road design at the start, not after works begin
  • A contract structure that lets the employer replace slow subcontractors without renegotiating the main contract

Limits: The figures are read from a table in a PDF, which the audit compiled from National Works Agency data and a 2022 Cabinet decision. The revised sum includes a US$70.89 million variation that the ministry had requested from Cabinet, not a final account, and the roughly 39 percent increase is computed from the two sums. A further US$95.9 million of water and sewer pipeline work, added to the scope by Cabinet, sits outside both figures, so the overrun on the whole corridor is larger and also partly a scope decision. The audit is a snapshot of April 2023, when 108 of 553 land parcels were still not handed over. The Office of the Prime Minister later recorded the official opening of the Harbour View to Yallahs leg, and in June 2025 the government information service described the whole project, at US$575 million, as 96 percent complete, with no final cost or completion date published. The works were contracted to and financed by Chinese state entities, so the delays rest on both the contractor's subcontractors and the state's land and utility work.